android OkHttp例子

作者: siediyer 分类: Android 发布时间: 2016-09-26 15:01

OKHttp是一款高效的HTTP客户端，支持连接同一地址的链接共享同一个socket，通过连接池来减小响应延迟，还有透明的GZIP压缩，请求缓存等优势。

1. GET
在OKHttp，每次网络请求就是一个Request，我们在Request里填写我们需要的url，header等其他参数，再通过Request构造出Call，Call内部去请求参数，得到回复，并将结果告诉调用者。

package com.jackchan.test.okhttptest;

import android.os.Bundle;
import android.support.v7.app.ActionBarActivity;
import android.util.Log;

import com.squareup.okhttp.Cache;
import com.squareup.okhttp.Callback;
import com.squareup.okhttp.OkHttpClient;
import com.squareup.okhttp.Request;
import com.squareup.okhttp.Response;

import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;


public class TestActivity extends ActionBarActivity {

    private final static String TAG = "TestActivity";

    private final OkHttpClient client = new OkHttpClient();

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_test);
        new Thread(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                try {
                    execute();
                } catch (Exception e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }).start();
    }

    public void execute() throws Exception {
        Request request = new Request.Builder()
                .url("http://publicobject.com/helloworld.txt")
                .build();
        Response response = client.newCall(request).execute();
        if(response.isSuccessful()){
            System.out.println(response.code());
            System.out.println(response.body().string());
        }
    }
}

我们通过Request.Builder传入url，然后直接execute执行得到Response，通过Response可以得到code,message等信息。

这个是通过同步的方式去操作网络请求，而android本身是不允许在UI线程做网络请求操作的，因此我们需要自己开启一个线程。

当然，OKHttp也支持异步线程并且有回调返回，有了上面同步的基础，异步只要稍加改动即可。

private void enqueue(){
        Request request = new Request.Builder()
                .url("http://publicobject.com/helloworld.txt")
                .build();
        client.newCall(request).enqueue(new Callback() {
            @Override
            public void onFailure(Request request, IOException e) {

            }
            // 成功时响应的回调函数
            @Override
            public void onResponse(Response response) throws IOException {
                //NOT UI Thread
                if(response.isSuccessful()){
                    System.out.println(response.code());
                    System.out.println(response.body().string());
                }
            }
        });
    }

就是在同步的基础上讲execute改成enqueue，并且传入回调接口，但接口回调回来的代码是在非UI线程的，因此如果有更新UI的操作记得用Handler或者其他方式。

2、POST

说完GET该介绍些如何使用POST，POST情况下我们一般需要传入参数，甚至一些header，传入参数或者header

比如传入header

Request request = new Request.Builder() 
.url("https://api.github.com/repos/square/okhttp/issues") 
.header("User-Agent", "OkHttp Headers.java") 
.addHeader("Accept", "application/json; q=0.5") 
.addHeader("Accept", "application/vnd.github.v3+json") 
.build();

可以看出来，传入header或者post参数都是传到Request里面，因此最后的调用方式也和GET方式一样

Response response = client.newCall(request).execute();
    if (response.isSuccessful()) {
        return response.body().string();
    } else {
        throw new IOException("Unexpected code " + response);
    }

这个代码是同步网络请求，异步就改成enqueue就行了。

请求缓存

在网络请求中，缓存技术是一项应用比较广泛的技术，需要对请求过的网络资源进行缓存，而okhttp也支持这一技术，也使用十分方便，前文中经常出现的OkHttpClient这个时候就要派送用场了。看下面代码

package com.jackchan.test.okhttptest;

import android.os.Bundle;
import android.support.v7.app.ActionBarActivity;
import android.util.Log;

import com.squareup.okhttp.Cache;
import com.squareup.okhttp.CacheControl;
import com.squareup.okhttp.Call;
import com.squareup.okhttp.Callback;
import com.squareup.okhttp.OkHttpClient;
import com.squareup.okhttp.Request;
import com.squareup.okhttp.Response;

import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;


public class TestActivity extends ActionBarActivity {

    private final static String TAG = "TestActivity";
    // 请求资源客户端
    private final OkHttpClient client = new OkHttpClient();

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_test);
        File sdcache = getExternalCacheDir();
        int cacheSize = 10 * 1024 * 1024; // 10 MiB
        // 对资源进行缓存
        client.setCache(new Cache(sdcache.getAbsoluteFile(), cacheSize));
        // 开启一个线程
        new Thread(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                try {
                    execute();
                } catch (Exception e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }).start();
    }

    public void execute() throws Exception {
        Request request = new Request.Builder()
                .url("http://publicobject.com/helloworld.txt")
                .build();

        Response response1 = client.newCall(request).execute();
        if (!response1.isSuccessful()) throw new IOException("Unexpected code " + response1);

        String response1Body = response1.body().string();
        System.out.println("Response 1 response:          " + response1);
        System.out.println("Response 1 cache response:    " + response1.cacheResponse());
        System.out.println("Response 1 network response:  " + response1.networkResponse());

        Response response2 = client.newCall(request).execute();
        if (!response2.isSuccessful()) throw new IOException("Unexpected code " + response2);

        String response2Body = response2.body().string();
        System.out.println("Response 2 response:          " + response2);
        System.out.println("Response 2 cache response:    " + response2.cacheResponse());
        System.out.println("Response 2 network response:  " + response2.networkResponse());

        System.out.println("Response 2 equals Response 1? " + response1Body.equals(response2Body));

    }
}

okhttpclient有点像Application的概念，统筹着整个okhttp的大功能，通过它设置缓存目录。

response1 的结果在networkresponse，代表是从网络请求加载过来的，而response2的networkresponse 就为null，而cacheresponse有数据，因为我设置了缓存因此第二次请求时发现缓存里有就不再去走网络请求了。
但有时候即使在有缓存的情况下我们依然需要去后台请求最新的资源（比如资源更新了）这个时候可以使用强制走网络来要求必须请求网络数据

public void execute() throws Exception {
        Request request = new Request.Builder()
                .url("http://publicobject.com/helloworld.txt")
                .build();

        Response response1 = client.newCall(request).execute();
        if (!response1.isSuccessful()) throw new IOException("Unexpected code " + response1);

        String response1Body = response1.body().string();
        System.out.println("Response 1 response:          " + response1);
        System.out.println("Response 1 cache response:    " + response1.cacheResponse());
        System.out.println("Response 1 network response:  " + response1.networkResponse());

        request = request.newBuilder().cacheControl(CacheControl.FORCE_NETWORK).build();
        Response response2 = client.newCall(request).execute();
        if (!response2.isSuccessful()) throw new IOException("Unexpected code " + response2);

        String response2Body = response2.body().string();
        System.out.println("Response 2 response:          " + response2);
        System.out.println("Response 2 cache response:    " + response2.cacheResponse());
        System.out.println("Response 2 network response:  " + response2.networkResponse());

        System.out.println("Response 2 equals Response 1? " + response1Body.equals(response2Body));

    }

上面的代码中
response2对应的request变成

request = request.newBuilder().cacheControl(CacheControl.FORCE_NETWORK).build();

取消操作

网络操作中，经常会使用到对请求的cancel操作，okhttp的也提供了这方面的接口，call的cancel操作。使用Call.cancel()可以立即停止掉一个正在执行的call。如果一个线程正在写请求或者读响应，将会引发IOException，同时可以通过Request.Builder.tag(Object tag)给请求设置一个标签，并使用OkHttpClient.cancel(Object tag)来取消所有带有这个tag的call。但如果该请求已经在做读写操作的时候，cancel是无法成功的，会抛出IOException异常。

public void canceltest() throws Exception {
        Request request = new Request.Builder()
                .url("http://httpbin.org/delay/2") // This URL is served with a 2 second delay.
                .build();

        final long startNanos = System.nanoTime();
        final Call call = client.newCall(request);

        // Schedule a job to cancel the call in 1 second.
        executor.schedule(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                System.out.printf("%.2f Canceling call.%n", (System.nanoTime() - startNanos) / 1e9f);
                call.cancel();
                System.out.printf("%.2f Canceled call.%n", (System.nanoTime() - startNanos) / 1e9f);
            }
        }, 1, TimeUnit.SECONDS);

        try {
            System.out.printf("%.2f Executing call.%n", (System.nanoTime() - startNanos) / 1e9f);
            Response response = call.execute();
            System.out.printf("call is cancel:" + call.isCanceled() + "%n");
            System.out.printf("%.2f Call was expected to fail, but completed: %s%n",
                    (System.nanoTime() - startNanos) / 1e9f, response);
        } catch (IOException e) {
            System.out.printf("%.2f Call failed as expected: %s%n",
                    (System.nanoTime() - startNanos) / 1e9f, e);
        }
    }

package com.test.okhttp;

import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

import org.apache.http.client.utils.URLEncodedUtils;
import org.apache.http.message.BasicNameValuePair;

import com.squareup.okhttp.Call;
import com.squareup.okhttp.Callback;
import com.squareup.okhttp.OkHttpClient;
import com.squareup.okhttp.Request;
import com.squareup.okhttp.Response;

public class OkHttpClientManager {

	private static final OkHttpClient mOkHttpClient = new OkHttpClient();

	static {

		mOkHttpClient.setConnectTimeout(30, TimeUnit.SECONDS);

	}

	/**
	 * 
	 * 该方法不会开启异步线程。
	 * 
	 * @param request
	 * 
	 * @return
	 * 
	 * @throws IOException
	 */

	public static Response execute(Request request) throws IOException {

		return mOkHttpClient.newCall(request).execute();

	}

	/**
	 * 
	 * 开启异步线程访问网络
	 * 
	 * @param request
	 * 
	 * @param responseCallback
	 */

	public static void enqueue(Request request, Callback responseCallback) {

		mOkHttpClient.newCall(request).enqueue(responseCallback);

	}

	/**
	 * 
	 * 开启异步线程访问网络, 且不在意返回结果（实现空callback）
	 * 
	 * @param request
	 */

	public static void enqueue(Request request) {

		mOkHttpClient.newCall(request).enqueue(new Callback() {

			@Override
			public void onResponse(Response arg0) throws IOException {

			}

			@Override
			public void onFailure(Request arg0, IOException arg1) {

			}

		});

	}

	public static String getStringFromServer(String url) throws IOException {

		Request request = new Request.Builder().url(url).build();

		Response response = execute(request);

		if (response.isSuccessful()) {

			String responseUrl = response.body().string();

			return responseUrl;

		} else {

			throw new IOException("Unexpected code " + response);

		}

	}

	private static final String CHARSET_NAME = "UTF-8";

	/**
	 * 
	 * 这里使用了HttpClinet的API。只是为了方便
	 * 
	 * @param params
	 * 
	 * @return
	 */

	public static String formatParams(List<BasicNameValuePair> params) {

		return URLEncodedUtils.format(params, CHARSET_NAME);
	}

	/**
	 * 
	 * 为HttpGet 的 url 方便的添加多个name value 参数。
	 * 
	 * @param url
	 * 
	 * @param params
	 * 
	 * @return
	 */

	public static String attachHttpGetParams(String url,
			List<BasicNameValuePair> params) {
		return url + "?" + formatParams(params);
	}

	/**
	 * 
	 * 为HttpGet 的 url 方便的添加1个name value 参数。
	 * 
	 * @param url
	 * 
	 * @param name
	 * 
	 * @param value
	 * 
	 * @return
	 */

	public static String attachHttpGetParam(String url, String name,
			String value) {
		return url + "?" + name + "=" + value;
	}
	/**
	 * 下载内容
	 * @param url
	 * @param destFileDir
	 */
	public static void downloadAsyn(final String url, final String destFileDir) {
		final Request request = new Request.Builder().url(url).build();
		final Call call = mOkHttpClient.newCall(request);
		call.enqueue(new Callback() {
			@Override
			public void onFailure(final Request request, final IOException e) {

			}

			@Override
			public void onResponse(Response response) {
				System.out.println("Download..........");
				InputStream is = null;
				byte[] buf = new byte[2048];
				int len = 0;
				FileOutputStream fos = null;
				try {
					is = response.body().byteStream();
					File file = new File(destFileDir, getFileName(url));
					fos = new FileOutputStream(file);
					while ((len = is.read(buf)) != -1) {
						fos.write(buf, 0, len);
					}
					fos.flush();
				} catch (IOException e) {
				} finally {
					try {
						if (is != null)
							is.close();
					} catch (IOException e) {
					}
					try {
						if (fos != null)
							fos.close();
					} catch (IOException e) {
					}
				}

			}
		});
	}

	private static String getFileName(String path) {
		int separatorIndex = path.lastIndexOf("/");
		return (separatorIndex < 0) ? path : path.substring(separatorIndex + 1,
				path.length());
	}
}

 

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